学习一生高中英语句子成分分析
在学习、工作乃至生活中，说到句子，大家肯定都不陌生吧，借助句子，我们可以更好地表达。什么样的句子才经典呢？以下是为大家整理的高中英语句子成分分析，欢迎大家分享。
高中英语句子成分分析1
英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)和补语（complement）。
英语五种基本句型列式如下：
基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）
基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋谓＋表）
基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）
基本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
基本句型五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
基本句型一
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
ＳＶ（不及物动词）
1.The sun │was shining.
2.The moon │rose.
3.The universe │remains.
4.We all │breathe, eat, and drink.
5.Who │cares?
6.What he said │does not matter.
7.They │talked for half an hour.
8.The pen │writes smoothly
1.太阳在照耀着。
2.月亮升起了。
3.宇宙长存。
4.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5.管它呢？
6.他所讲的没有什么关系。
7.他们谈了半个小时。
8.这支笔书写流利。
基本句型二
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。
ＳＶ（是系动词）Ｐ
1.This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.
2.The dinner │smells │good.
3.He │fell │in love.
4.Everything │looks │different.
5.He │is growing │tall and strong.
6.The trouble│is │that they are short of money.
7.Our well│has gone │dry.
8.His face│turned │red.
1.这是本英汉辞典。
2.午餐的气味很好。
3.他堕入了情网。
4.一切看来都不同了。
5.他长得又高又壮。
6.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
7.我们的井干枯了。
8.他的.脸红了。
基本句型三
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
ＳＶ（及物动词）Ｏ
1.Who │knows │the answer?
2.She │smiled │her thanks.
3.He │has refused│to help them.
4.He │enjoys │reading.
5.They │ate │what was left over.
6.He │said │"Good morning."
7.I │want │to have a cup of tea.
8.He │admits │that he was mistaken.
1.谁知道答案？
2.她微笑表示感谢。
3.他拒绝帮他们的忙。
4.他喜欢看书。
5.他们吃了剩饭。
6.他说：“早上好！”
7.我想喝杯茶。
8.他承认犯了错误。
基本句型四
此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。
通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。
ＳＶ（及物）ｏ（多指人）Ｏ（多指物）
1.She│ordered│herself │a new dress.
2.She│cooked │her husband│a delicious meal.
3.He│brought│you │a dictionary.
4.He│denies │her │nothing.
5.I │showed │him │my pictures.
6.I │gave │my car │a wash.
7.I │told │him │that the bus was late.
8.He│showed │me │how to run the machine.
1.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。
2.她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。
3.他给你带来了一本字典。
4.他对她什么都不拒绝。
5.我给他看我的照片。
6.我洗了我的汽车。
7.我告诉他汽车晚点了。
8.他教我开机器。
基本句型五
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
ＳＶ（及物）Ｏ（宾语）Ｃ（宾补）
1.They │appointed │him │manager.
2.They │painted│the door │green.
3.This │set │them │thinking.
4.They │found │the house │deserted.
5.What │makes │him │think so?
6.We│saw │him │out.
7.He│asked │me │to come back soon.
8.I │saw │them │getting on the bus.
1.他们任命他当经理。
2.他们把门漆成绿色。
3.这使得他们要细想一想。
4.他们发现那房子无人居住。
5.他怎么会这样想？
6.我们送他出去。
7.他要我早点回来。
8.我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。
高中英语句子成分分析2
英语句子成分分析
(一)句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
During the 1990s, American country music hasbecome more and more popular.(名词)
We often speak English in class.(代词)
One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)
To swim in the river is agreat pleasure.(不定式)
Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)
The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)
It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式)
(三)谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语：
(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.
(2)由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.
(四)表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：
Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)
Is it yours?(代词)
The weather has turned cold.(形容词)
The speech is exciting.(分词)
Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)
His job is to teach English.(不定式)
His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)
The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)
Time is up. The class is over.(副词)
The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)
(五)宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：
They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)
I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)
I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)
宾语种类：
(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)，例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.
(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补)，例如：They elected him their monitor.
(六)宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：
His father named him Dongming.(名词)
They painted their boat white.(形容词)
Let the fresh air in.(副词)
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)
We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)
We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)
We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)
(七)定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)
There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词)
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)
He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)
(八)状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：
Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)
He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语)
He is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语)
Wait a minute.(名词)
Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)
状语种类如下：
How about meeting again at six?(时间状语)
Last night she didn’t go to the dance partybecause of the rain.(原因状语)
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.(条件状语)
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语)
She put the eggs into the basket withgreat care.(方式状语)
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语)
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语)
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)
She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语)
I am taller than he is.(比较状语)
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