英语后缀添加规则
英语是按照分布面积而言最流行的语言,但母语者数量是世界第三,仅次于汉语、西班牙语。它是学习最广泛的第二语言,是近60个主权国家的*语言或*语言之一。下面是整理的英语后缀添加规则,欢迎大家分享。
英语后缀添加规则
The endings -able, -ion, -er, -or, -ance, -ence, -ous, -ish, and -al are generally used to form adjectives and nouns. Here are some guidelines about how they affect the spelling of the word to which they're added:
-able, -ion, -er, -or, -ance, -ence, -ous, -ish, 和-al常常充当名词和形容词的后缀。以下这些规则指出了后缀对单词的影响:
When you're adding one of these endings to a word that ends with a consonant, the spelling is often straightforward:
当原本的词汇是以辅音结尾,一般直接添加后缀。
Adapt(vi. 适应), adaptable(adj. 适合的;能适应的;可修改的)
Addict(vt. 使沉溺;使上瘾), addiction(n. 上瘾,沉溺;癖嗜)
Mountain(n. 山;山脉), mountainous(adj. 多山的;巨大的;山一般的)
Black(n. 黑色;黑人;黑颜料), blackish(adj. 带黑色的)
If you add one of the endings to a word that ends in an e that isn't pronounced, drop this final e:
如果单词结尾有不发音的e,则去掉结尾的e再加后缀:
Inflate(vt. 使充气;使通货膨胀), inflation(n. 膨胀;通货膨胀;夸张;自命不凡)
advise(vt. 建议;劝告,忠告;通知;警告), advisable(adj. 明智的,可取的,适当的)
dance(n. 舞蹈;舞会;舞曲), dancer(n. 舞蹈家;舞蹈演员;舞女;跳舞者)
The exceptions to this rule are words that end with a ‘soft’ce or ge sound:
这条规则在以ge、ce结尾时例外,不去掉结尾的e:
Notice(n. 通知,布告;注意;公告), noticeable(adj. 显而易见的,显著的;值得注意的)
Courage(n. 勇气;胆量), courageous(adj. 有胆量的,勇敢的)
Advantage(n. 优势;利益;有利条件), advantageous(adj. 有利的;有益的)
When you add one of these endings to verbs ending in a vowel plus l, you need to double the l:
当单词以l结尾,需要双写l+后缀
Counsel(n. 法律顾问;忠告;商议;讨论;决策), counsellor(n. 顾问;参赞;辅导员(等于counselor);律师;法律顾问)
Excel(vt. 超过;擅长), excellent(adj. 卓越的;极好的;杰出的)
Double the final consonant when adding these endings to verbs that end with a single vowel plus a consonant, when the stress is at the end of the verb:
当单词以单个元音+辅音结尾,并且重音在单词末尾,双写末尾的辅音再加后缀:
Refer(vt. 涉及;委托;归诸于;使…求助于), referral(n. n. 参照;提及;被推举的人;转诊病人)
Begin(vt. 开始), beginning(n. 开始;起点)
Forget(vt. 忘记;忽略), forgettable(adj. 可忘记的;容易被忘的)
Don't double the final consonant, if the word ends with a single vowel plus a consonant, and the stress is not at the end of the word:
当单词以单个元音+辅音结尾,并且重音不在单词末尾,不要双写末尾的辅音,直接加后缀:
Visit(n. 访问;参观;逗留), visitor(n. 访问者,参观者;视察者;候鸟)
Common(n. 普通;平民;公有地), commoner(n. 平民;自费学生;下议院议员)
If the word only has one syllable and ends with a single vowel plus a consonant, double the final consonant:
如果这个词是单音节词,且以单个元音+辅结尾音,双写最后的辅音:
Stop(n. 停止;车站;障碍;逗留), stoppable(adj. 可停止的)
dim(n. 笨蛋,傻子), dimmer(n. [车辆] 调光器;光暗掣;衰减器)
Don't double the final consonant if the verb ends with two vowels plus a consonant:
双元音加辅音结尾,不要双写最后的辅音:
Sleep(n. 睡眠), sleeper(n. 卧车;卧铺;枕木;睡眠者)
Treat(n. 请客;款待), treatable(adj. 能治疗的;好对付的;能处理的)
In British English, when you add the endings -ous, -ious, -ary, -ation, -ific, -ize, and -ise to a word which ends in -our, you need to change the -our to –or before adding the ending:
在英式英语中,当单词以-our结尾,在单词后添加-ous, -ious, -ary, -ation, -ific, -ize, 或–ise后缀时,需要先将our改写成or再添加后缀:
Humour(n. 幽默(等于humor);诙谐), humorous(adj. 诙谐的',幽默的;滑稽的,可笑的)
Glamour(n. 魅力,魔力;迷人的美), glamorize(vt. 美化;使有魅力)
But when you are adding other endings, the -our spelling stays the same:
但是当你添加其他的后缀时,拼写保持不变:
Colour(n. 颜色;风格;气色,面色;外貌), colourful(adj. 鲜艳的;生动的;色彩丰富的;富有趣味的)
Favour(n. 偏爱;赞同;善行), favourite(n. 特别喜爱的人(或物))
拓展:大学英语四级词汇背诵前后缀
di-/dis-表示“分开”或“否定”
distress vt.使悲痛;使痛苦 n.悲痛;疼痛;不幸;贫困
[记]dis-否定;tress-衣服——dress的变化,这里的tr在s的后面就发dr的音。没有衣服穿,肯定很不幸、贫困,冷得很痛,让人心痛。
[搭]be distressed to 悲痛地……
[例]He was disrtessed to find that his parents stilllived in distress.他很难过地发现,他父母仍然过着贫穷的生活。
disturb v.打扰;妨碍;使恼怒,使不安
[根]turb-表示“转”。常说的turbo就是一辆车带涡轮增压。它是turn的变体。
[记]dis-分开;turb-转。我们在背单词,结果进来几个人在我们眼前转来转去,就打扰、妨碍了我们,让我们很恼怒(disturbed)。
[近]interupt v.打扰
[例]I am disturbed by the news that a tiger escaped from the zoo.有一只老虎从动物国里跑出来了,这个消息让我很不安。
turbine n.涡轮;涡轮机
[记]turb-转;in-进来;e-出去。让气流转进来又出去,是涡轮机。
turbulent a.骚乱的;混乱的;狂暴的;动荡的
[记]特(tur-)不(b)冷(len-t)静,就会引起骚乱和混乱;特不冷静的海面,是狂暴的海面(turbulentsea)。
[例]The turbulent situation has been making the prices of the commodities fluctuatecontinuously.动荡的局势使得物价不停地波动。
divorce n./v.离婚
[记]离婚前夫妻双方变得像敌人,敌我(di-vor)撕(ce)破脸,就离婚(divoce)了。
[例]He divorced his first wife after only 2 weeks.他和他第一个老婆两个星期就离婚了。