中考英语知识点总结:with和宾语补足语
在我们平凡的学生生涯里,大家最不陌生的就是知识点吧!知识点在教育实践中,是指对某一个知识的泛称。哪些才是我们真正需要的知识点呢?下面是为大家收集的中考英语知识点总结:with和宾语补足语,希望对大家有所帮助。
with+宾语+宾语补足语是一个十分有用的结构,具体地说,它有以下几种类型:
1.with+宾语+形容词
He often sleeps with the windows open.他常开着窗睡觉。
Don’t speak with your mouth full.不要满嘴巴食物说话。
2.with+宾语+副词
He stood before his teacher with his head down.他低着头站在老师面前。
He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.他和衣躺在床上。
3.with+宾语+名词
He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl.他去世时,女儿还是个小学生。
4.with+宾语+介词短语
She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.她含着眼泪说了声再见。
He was asleep with his head on his arms.他头枕着胳膊睡着了。
5.with+宾语+现在分词(短语)
He fell asleep with the lamp burning.他没熄灯就睡着了。
I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.因为妈妈有病,我无法去度假。
6.with+宾语+过去分词(短语)
He sat there with his eyes closed.他闭目坐在那儿。
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。
7.with+宾语+不定式(短语)
I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.要洗这些衣服,我无法出去了。
With so many people to help us, we are sure to finish it in time.有这么多人帮忙,我们一定能按时完成。
宾语补足语
在英语中有些及物动词,接了宾语意义仍不完整,还需要接有其他的句子成分,来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等,称为宾语补足语,简称宾补。
I heard Jean singing this morning.
句中的Jean 是宾语,但是主语"I "听到的并不是Jean,而是Jean singing。singing 是句中的宾语补足语,它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,也就是说从逻辑上来讲,是Jean执行了singing的动作。
能够充当宾补的宾语补足语大致有:不定式,现在分词,过去分词,形容词,副词,介宾短语等。一般情况下,宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。
比如:
I find learning English difficult.(difficult是形容词做宾补)
I saw the kite up and down.(up and down是副词做宾补)
Tom made the girl cry.(cry是省略不定式符号to的动词不定式)
注意:当感官动词和使役动词,如:
see/ hear /notice/ watch /hear/ feel/ observe(感官动词)
make /have /let(使役动词)
接宾补时,不定式的符号to必须省略。
在help后,不定式可以带to,也可不带。
现在分词作定语
现在分词作定语用法:
现在分词短语做定语时,放在被修饰的名词之后;单个分词做定语时,放在被修饰的名词之前.例如:
The man standing by the window is our teacher.
The excited people rushed into the building.
注意:现在分词作定语时,它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生,如果两个动作有先有后,一般不能用现在分词作定语,而要用定语从句。例如:
The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window.
现在分词作定语的差异:
现在分词在句中作定语时,不仅存在前置与后置的区别,而且存在状态、时间与形式上的差异。为了帮助大家分清这些差异,更好地掌握现在分词的用法,现在分别论述如下。
状态差异
现在分词作定语明显存在状态差异。一般来讲,前置的现在分词静感强。而后置现在分词动感强。学*时要注意体会这一点。
例1:The labouring people are the wisest.
例2:The farmers labouring here are not afraid of snakes.
能前置的现在分词为数不太多,常见的大都是已被形容词化了的`现在分词。这一点主要表现在有些现在分词前常有程度副词,有些现在分词甚至还有比较等级。
例3: I have brought very exciting news to you.
例4:This is the most exciting story that I have ever read.
时间差异
时间差异指现在分词表示的动作发生的时间差异。有些现在分词作定语时表示正在的动作。这些现在分词若改为定语从句宜用进行时态。
例5:Did you tell the children playing there not to make any noise?
Did you tell the children who were playing there not to make any
noise?
例6:The American president visiting China now will return on Saturday.
The American president who is visiting China now will return on Saturday.
有些现在分词作定语时则表示经常性动作或现在(或当时)的状态。此类现在分词若改为定语从句宜用一般时态,而不宜用进行时态。若译成汉语也应注意体现这一点。
例7:They stayed at a hotel standing by the lake.
例8:The temple standing on top of the hill was built in the Ming Dynasty.
形式差异
从形式来看,前置现在分词多为单个分词,而后置现在分词多为短语。换句话说,若用现在分词作定语,单个分词要前置,分词短语要后置。但也不能绝对如此,要视情况而定。要是强调动感,即使是单个分词也应后置。
例9:Look! The girl singing is Alice and the one dancing is Mary.
从内容来讲,前置现在分词多为不及物动词,没有自己的宾语或状语。后置现在分词可带宾语或状语。有时前置现在分词也可有自己的宾语或状语,不过要置于分词前,且中间要有连词符号。当然,带比较级时除外。
例10:Barking dogs seldom bite.
例 11:The person translating the songs can speak seven languages.
例 12:England and America are English-speaking countries.
值得说明的是,现在分词的完成式与被动式一般都不能用作前置定语,只能作后置定语,使用时应慎重。
例 13:We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.
为了让提问者有一个全面的认识,以上是引用网上的两个回复者的内容。
下面来分析提问者所例句子:
I've never had such a thing happening to me before
现在分词做后置定语其功能相当于一个定语从句
I've never had such a thing that is happening to me before.
现在发生在我身上的事,我以前从没遇到过。
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