学习一生英语专八考试阅读练习及答案解析
无论是身处学校还是步入社会，我们最少不了的就是试题了，试题可以帮助主办方了解考生某方面的知识或技能状况。一份好的试题都是什么样子的呢？下面是收集整理的英语专八考试阅读练习及答案解析，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
Passage Sixteen (Crime in Computer)
New and bizarre crimes have come into being with the advent of computer technology.Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes…
Theft of data, or data crime, has attracted the interest of organized criminal syndicates.This is usually the theft or copying of valuable computer grogram.An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market.Buyers for stolen programs may range from a firm’s competitors to foreign nations.
A competitor sabotages a company’s computer system to destroy or cripple the firm’s operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector.This computer sabotage may also be tied to an attempt by affluent investors to acquire the victim firm.With the growing reliance by firms on computers for their recordkeeping and daily operations, sabotage of their computers can result in internal havoc, after which the group interested in acquiring the firm can easily buy it at a substantially lower price.Criminal groups could also resort to sabotage if the company is a competitor of a business owned or controlled by organized crime.
Politically motivated sabotage is on the increase; political extremist groups have sprouted on every continent.Sophisticated computer technology arms these groups with awesome powers and opens technologically advanced nations to their attack.Several attempts have already been made to destroy computer facility at an air force base.A university computer facility involved in national defence work suffered more than $2 million in damages as a result of a bombing.
Computer vulnerability has been amply documented.One congressional study concluded that neither government nor private computer systems are adequately protected against sabotage.Organized criminal syndicates have shown their willingness to work with politically motivated groups.Investigators have uncovered evidence of cooperation between criminal groups and foreign governments in Criminal groups have taken attempts in assassinating political leaders….Computers are used in hospital life-support system, in laboratories, and in major surgery.Criminals could easily turn these computers into tools of devastation.By sabotaging the computer of a life-support system, criminals could kill an individual as easily as they had used a gun.By manipulating a computer, they could guide awesome tools of terror against large urban centers.Cities and nations could become hostages.Homicide could take a now form.The computer may become the hit man of the twentieth century.
The computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international.It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences.Although criminals have adapted to computer technology, law enforcement has not.Many still think in terms of traditional criminology.
1.How many kinds of crimes are mentioned in the passage?
[A]7
[B]8
[C]9
[D]10
2.What is the purpose of a competitor to sabotage a company’s computer?
[A]His purpose is to destroy or weaken the firm’s operational ability.
[B]His purpose is to weaken firm’s competitive capability and get it.
[C]His purpose is to buy the rival’s company at a relatively low price.
[D]His purpose is to steal important data.
3.Which of the following can be labeled as a politically motivated sabotage of a computer system?
[A]Sabotage of a university computer.
[B]Sabotage of a hospital computer.
[C]Sabotage of computer at a secret training base.
[D]Sabotage of a factory computer.
4.What does the author mean by “Homicide could take a new form”?
[A]There is no need to use a gun in killing a person.
[B]Criminals can kill whoever they want by a computer.
[C]The computer can replace any weapons.
[D]The function of a computer is just like a gun.
Vocabulary
1.bizarre 奇怪的
2.vandalism 破坏，故意破坏文化，艺术的行为
3.cripple 使瘫痪，削弱
4.fence 贼市，脏品买卖处
5.neutralize 使成为无效
6.affluent 富裕的
7.recordkeeping 记录存贮
8.havoc 浩劫，大破坏
9.resort to 求助于，借助于
10.motivate 作为……的动机，激发
11.extremist 过激分子，极端主义分子
12.sprout 萌发迅速发展
13.awesome 令人惊惧的，引起敬畏的
14.vulnerability 易受攻击，脆弱
15.devastation 劫持，破坏
16.hospital life-support system 医院的生命维持系统
17.hit man 职业凶手(杀手)
18.pool 集中(资金)合办，入股
19.criminology 犯罪学，刑事学
难句译注
1.Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes…
[结构简析] 句子很长，都是简单句，中间有分号隔开，后面是举例。
[参考译文] 有组织犯罪团伙也直接参与：计算机新技术较为犯罪提供了无限的机会，如数据信息犯罪，偷窃服务项目，跟财产有关的犯罪，工业破坏，跟政治有关的破坏，破坏文化艺术，对个人和财经方面的罪行等等。
2.An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market.
[结构简析] 并列句，and 作对比连接词用。
[参考译文] 一个计算机信息的国际市场已经存在，而专门从事脏品交易的市场据说在迅速扩展的犯罪市场中起着关键的作用。
3.A competitor sabotages a company’s computer system to destroy or cripple the firm’s operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector.
[结构简析] 主谓宾补结构，后跟thus+从句表示结果。
[参考译文] 竞争对手破坏一个公司的计算机系统为的是摧毁或削弱公司的操作运行能力，从而使其丧失在私人或政府部门中的竞争力。
4.The computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international.It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences.
[结构简析] 两句话。前一句为主谓宾，后一句为主从句，从句内采用too…to 句型，后跟分词***结构进一步说明。
[参考译文] 计算机为国内和国际有组织犯罪集团开辟了犯罪的广泛领域。它要求它们集中资源，提高通力协作力量，因为许多犯罪太复杂，一个集团难以驾驭，特别是那些需要巨大的脏品交易时常网络的罪行。
写作方法与文章大意
文章介绍“计算机犯罪”，采用分类写作手法，先列出种种计算机犯罪项，下面逐一说明。文本只选四种犯罪——信息数据偷窃或信息(数据)犯罪，产业破坏，政治破坏，对个人生命破坏。分四段叙述，每段为一种罪行，最后是对比罪犯势力越来越有组织，势力请大，而司法部门却没有准备好。答案祥解
1.B.8种，具体罪行。见难句译注1。
2.B.他的目的是削弱公司竞争力进而得到它。答案见难句译注2及第二段第二句起：“计算机破坏也可以和富裕的'投资者欲得到对手的公司的企*相连。随着公司对计算机记录存储的信赖性加强，破坏他们的计算机可以造成内部大破坏。之后，对取得这个公司感性趣的集团很容易在级低价格上买进。”
A.削弱公司运转能力。 C.在相当低的价格上买进对手的公司。这两个选项都只是破坏目的的一个方面。 D.偷窃重要资料，文内没有讲。
3.C 破坏秘密训练基础。这可以标以政治目的的破坏计算机。
A.大学 B.医院 D.工厂。 这三个地方都难以和政治直接相连，第三段讲的大学是“参与国防保卫工作的大学计算机措施”，和一般大学不一样。只有秘密训练的基地和真正相连的可能性最大，所以选C.
4.B.犯罪可以通过计算机任意杀人。答案在第五段：“犯罪集团曾采取步骤暗杀政治领袖。医院的生命维护系统，实验室，大型外科手术中都用计算机。罪犯们很容易把这些计算机转变成破坏的工具。通过破坏生命维护系统计算机，罪犯们就像用*一样很容易杀死人。通过控制计算机，他们可以指导这可怖的工具攻击大城市中心。城市和国家都可以成为人质。谋杀具有新的形式，计算机可能成为21世纪的事业杀手。”
A.杀人不需要用*。这话太笼统，不用*，用什么。用毒药，用刀? C.计算机可以取代任何武器。 D.计算机的功能就像*，错误的。
第1章听力理解
1.1大纲要求
1测试要求
（1）能听懂真实交际场合中的各类会话、讲话。
（2）能听懂有关政治、经济、历史、文化、教育、语言文学、科普方面的演讲及演讲后的问答。
（3）能理解所听材料的大意，领会说话者的态度、感情和真实意*。
（4）能做较为完整的笔记。
（5）考试时间25分钟。
测试形式
本部分为填空题和选择题形式，分两节：Section A和Section B，共20题。
Section A：Mini-lecture
本部分由一个约900个单词的讲座和一项填空任务组成。要求学生边听边作笔记，然后完成填空任务。答题时间10分钟。本部分共10题。
Section B：Conversation or Interview
本部分由一个约1000个单词的会话或两个约500个单词的会话组成。会话后有10道选择题。
本部分每道题后有10秒的间隙，要求学生听到问题后从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
听力理解部分的录音语速为每分钟150个单词，念一遍。
测试目的
测试学生获取口头信息的能力。
试题特点
（1）难度上
专八听力是历届考生相对失分较多的题型，尤其是记笔记填空的Mini-lecture部分，在其他英语考试中并不多见，难度较大。另外，Interview部分的问题改为录音播放，这就要求考生不仅要听懂讲座的内容，还需听懂问题。
（2）选材上
a．讲座部分的内容与英语专业方向课程相关。
b．会话部分的内容与学生的日常生活、社会和学习活动相关。
c．听力材料难度为中等偏上。
（3）语音语速上
专八听力发音为标准的英音及美音，基本不会涉及方言；大纲规定听力理解部分的录音语速为每分钟150个单词，需注意的是有时语速要快于这个速度。
高频词汇（4次以上）
Word List 1
appropriate ['prprt] adj. 恰如其分的，适当的；特有的‖ vt. 拨出（款项）；挪用，盗用
【例句】①A suggestion to reduce stress is to make plans and act when appropriate, rather than just sit around and worry. 要减轻压力，一个建议是要适时地制定计划，并去实施，而非无所事事，整日忧虑。（2014-TEM 8）②He was accused of appropriating club funds. 他被控告挪用俱乐部基金。
【派生】appropriately adv. 适当地，合适地；相称地
content [kn'tent] adj. 满足的，满意的‖ n. 容量，含量；内容；满足；（书等的）目录
【例句】The magazine’s familiar table of contents will be replaced with a photograph. 杂志原先熟悉的目录表将被替换成一张照片。（2000-TEM 8）
【搭配】be content to/with 满足于……
【派生】contented adj. 满足的；心安的‖contentment n. 满足；满意‖contention n. 争论，争辩，论战；论点，主张
available ['velbl] adj. 有空的；可利用的；可得到的；可见到的
【例句】Recent surveys report that more than 300 million books are available in these academic libraries. 近日调查指出，高校的*书馆中有3亿册书籍可供使用。（2000-TEM 8）
【搭配】available for 可用于……的；对……有效的‖available from 可向……购买
【派生】availability n. 可用性；有效性；实用性
physical ['fzkl] adj. 物质的；有形的；身体的；自然(界)的；物理的
【例句】Modern companies pay special attention to the physical surroundings in order to create an atmosphere conducive to higher working efficiency. 现代公司非常重视公司的实体环境，以营造一种有助于提高工作效率的氛围。（2003-TEM 8）
exhibition [eks'bn] n. 展览会；展览(品)，陈列品；表现；表演；显示
【例句】In 1946, Moore had his first foreign retrospective exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art, New York. 1946年，摩尔在纽约现代艺术博物馆举办了他的首场国外回顾展。（2003-TEM 8）
【搭配】make an exhibition of oneself 当众出丑‖on exhibition 展出中
advantage [dvɑ:ntd] n. 优势；益处；利益
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